The rules of Takbeer Tashriq

From the Fajr of the 9th Dhul Hijjah to the 'Asr of the 13th, it is Wajib to say the Takbir after every congregational Salaat.

There is a Hadith in Mo’jam Kabeer Tabarani, Jame' Ul Ahadith, Majma Uz Zawaaid and Kanz Ul Ummal:

Translation of Hadith: It has been narrated on the authority of Hadhrat Abu Hurairah (May Allah be well pleased with him), he said that the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu alaihi wa sallam): You adorn your Eids with the Takbir.
Takbir Tashriq

To recite the Takbir in the days of Tashriq i.e. from the Fajr of the 9th Dhul Hijjah to the 'Asr of the 13th is called Takbir Tashriq.

The Takbir Tashriq is:

Transliteration: Allahu Akbar Allahu Akbar La Ilaha Illallahu Wallahu Akbar Wa Lillahil Hamd.

Takbir Tashriq are in fact the blessed words which were uttered by Hadhrat Ibrahim (Peace be upon him), Hadhrat Ismail (Peace be upon him) and Hadhrat Jibrail (Peace be upon him) at the time of the sacrifice of Hadhrat Ismail (Peace be upon him). Through the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu alaihi wa sallam), Allah Ta'ala has instituted this in this Ummah as a reminder of that incident.

There is a Hadith in Ruh Al Bayan:

Translation of Hadith: When Hadhrat Ibrahim (Peace be upon him) slaughtered the ram from Jannah, Jibreel (May peace be upon him) said: Allahu Akbar Allahu Akbar.

Hadhrat Ismail (May peace be upon him) said:  Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar

Hadhrat Ibrahim (May peace be upon him) said: Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar

(Ruh Al Bayan, Vol. 7, Pg No. 475)

For the Takbir Tashriq to be Wajib, it is necessary for the person to be a Muqeem (i.e. in his native place or in a new place for 15 days or more), to be in the city.

Thus, Takbir Tashriq is not Wajib on travelers, on those who live in villages, after Fardh Kifayah Salaat like Salaat Ul Janazah. Takbir is not Wajib on women. But, if women, travelers and villagers are offering Salaat behind someone on whom Takbir Tashriq is Wajib, then in conformity with the Imam, Takbir Tashriq is Wajib on them also. This is the opinion of Hadhrat Imam A'adham Abu Hanifa (May Allah be well pleased with him), but the opinion of the "Sahibain" (Imam Abu Yousuf and Imam Muhammad) (May Allah shower His Mercy on them) Takbir is Wajib after every Fardh Salaat, regardless of whether the person is a woman, traveler or is offering Salaat individually and the Fatwa is on their opinion.

Takbir is Wajib after Friday Salaat also and should be recited after Salaat Ul Eid as well. It is not Wajib after Witr, Sunnah and Nafl Salaat.

It is Wajib to recite Takbir immediately after the completion of the Salaat. If after the Salaat, some thing is done which invalidates a Salaat like starting some work or talking or breaks the Wuzu deliberately, then the command of Takbir will collapse and if Wuzu breaks unintentionally, then Takbir should be recited.

It is Wajib to recite the Takbir in a loud voice.

If the Imam forgets to recite the Takbir, then those who follow him in Salaat should not follow him here and should recite the Takbir.

If the Qaza of a Fardh Salaat is being recited, then there are 4 cases about Takbir being Wajib:

1. Qaza of the Fardh Salaat of Non-Tashriq days in the days of days of Tashriq.
2. Qaza of Salaat of Tashriq days in Non-Tashriq days.
3. Qaza of Salaat of Tashriq days in Non-Tashriq days of another year.
4. Qaza of Salaat of Tashriq days in the Tashriq days of the same year.

Out of the 4 possible cases, Takbir Tashriq becomes Wajib only in the 4th case i.e. if Qaza of Salaat of Tashriq days is offered in the Tashriq days of the same year.